Osteoarthritis (OA, also known as degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease) is a condition in which the joints are painful due to mild inflammation arising from the friction of the ends of the constituent bones of the joint.
Osteoarthritis consists of "primary osteoarthritis" also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, and "secondary osteoarthritis" caused by trauma to tropism or injury.
In the joints, a cartilage network commonly called "cartilage" usually closes the ends of the constituent bones of the joint. A layer of fluid called synovial fluid is located between the bones and acts as a lubricating material that prevents the ends of the bones from rubbing against one another.
Under conditions of lack of synovial fluid, the cartilage layer that closes the ends of the bones will rub against each other The friction will make the layer thinner and will eventually cause pain.
Everyone must have experienced joint pain. Lay people and even some doctors (mistakenly) immediately assume because it is caused by rheumatism or gout. Some think of osteoporosis. But in fact the main cause of joint pain (especially experienced by patients over 45 years) is osteoarthritis which reaches up to 60-70 percent. Osteoarthritis can affect all cartilage throughout the body, including the spine, but mainly attacks the legs from the pelvis, especially the knee to the ankle, because the limbs hold back weight and therefore to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis, the ideal body weight must be met. The causes of osteoarthritis vary. Several studies have shown an association between osteoarthritis with allergic reactions, infections, and invasion of fungi (mycosis). Other research also shows the existence of hereditary (genetic) factors involved in reducing this disease. However, several risk factors for osteoarthritis are as follows:
- Women over 45 years old
- Overweight
- Excessive physical activity, such as sportsmen and unskilled workers
- Suffering from thigh muscle weakness
- Have experienced a fracture around a joint that does not get proper treatment
The pain suffered by sufferers of this disease can be reduced by various methods such as compressing or injecting synovial fluid into the joints. Injection of synthetic synovial fluid, although quite expensive, must be done immediately, if needed to prevent a more severe situation where replacements with synthetic joints are more expensive, sometimes needing to rest for several months and the results are no better than if only injection is done synthetic synovial. Unfortunately, injection of synthetic synovial fluid must be done periodically about once a year.
The main prevention of osteoarthritis is to change lifestyles, if obesity, the weight must be lowered, must exercise, but not excessive and avoid high-impact, such as high-impact exercise and long-distance running, sports that do not burden the knee are swimming and static bikes .
Prevention can also be done by eating nutritious foods. Some food supplements can also be used to prevent this disease. Some of the commonly used supplements include glucosamine and chondroitin, but these supplements have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, so the long-term side effects are unknown.
Glucosamine is an amino sugar molecule commonly found in crustaceans (crustaceans), arthropods, and fungal cell walls. In Indonesia, glucosamine can be obtained directly from commercial food supplements or supplemented milk drinks.
Condrotine itself is a food supplement commonly used with glucosamine. It is a branched sugar chain compound that arranges cartilage. In Indonesia, chondroitin can be obtained directly from food.
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